also anti corrosive industrial uses
Marañón, un anticorrosivo natural | Pinturas y Recubrimientos
www.inpralatina.com › Más a Fondo › Control de Corrosión
10 abr. 2008 - En Panamá, donde el marañón nace de manera silvestre y también es ... Por su parte, elácido anacárdico del marañón tiene aplicaciones en ...
Falta(n): pelo
Remedios con marañón o anacardo para tos, diabetes y más
www.remediospopulares.com › Alimentos curativos
La resina contiene cardol, anacardol, ácido anacárdico, tanino, ácido gálico y resinas. Los anacardos o marañones son ricos en proteínas, vitaminas del grupo..................
Marañon - Farmacognosia. Plantas medicinales
https://www.plantas-medicinal-farmacognosia.com/productos-naturales/marañon/
Propiedades de la semilla de Marañón. ... Marañón. Nombre científico: Anacardium occidentale. Es un árbol perenne de tronco tortuoso de ... Ácido anacárdico.Marañón, un anticorrosivo natural | Pinturas y Recubrimientos
www.inpralatina.com › Más a Fondo › Control de Corrosión
10 abr. 2008 - En Panamá, donde el marañón nace de manera silvestre y también es ... Por su parte, elácido anacárdico del marañón tiene aplicaciones en ...--=(Aceite de Marañón)=- - Espiritu del Campo
www.espiritudelcampo.com/cashewS.html
El aceite de nuez de marañón es rico en vitamina E y contiene ácidos grasos insaturados. Algunos de los ácidos grasos presentes en el aceite son el ácido ...Remedios con marañón o anacardo para tos, diabetes y más
www.remediospopulares.com › Alimentos curativos
La resina contiene cardol, anacardol, ácido anacárdico, tanino, ácido gálico y resinas. Los anacardos o marañones son ricos en proteínas, vitaminas del grupoMarañón - Inicio Enciclopedia
www.enciclopediagro.org › Índice › Flora y fauna
Es oportuno indicar que el pericarpio de la semilla es venenoso y cáustico, debido al contenido deácido anacárdico y a un aceite llamado cordol, los que seEvaluación de un Antioxidante Natural extraído del Marañón - SciELO
www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-07642015000600004
por L Sánchez - 2015 - Mencionado por 2 - Artículos relacionados
El Marañón (Anacardium occidentale L.) es un árbol silvestre originario de las ... de fenoles saturados e insaturados de cadena larga (ácido anacárdico, cardol, ...MARAÑÓN (Anacardium occidentale) - Perú Ecológico
www.peruecologico.com.pe/flo_maranon_1.htm
El MARAÑÓN es un árbol que fue domesticado en el noreste de Brasil y a partir ... terpenos, politerpenos, taninos, fenoles, anacardiol y ácido anacárdico, este ...EL MARAÑON | Alto cielo
https://alvilinux.wordpress.com/2011/01/11/el-maranon/
11 ene. 2011 - El marañón es un árbol cuyos frutos son nueces, nativo de América ...... -El anacardol y el ácido anacárdico han mostrado algo de actividad ...Las plantas y sus usos en las islas de Providencia y Santa Catalina
https://books.google.com.gt/books?isbn=9586704661
Isidoro Cabrera R., Cabrera Rodríguez Cabrera R. - 2005 - Medicinal plants
Vázquez (1982, p.174) dice: "El ácido anacárdico o aceite de cardol ... Planta Otros remedios Anacardium Marañón Ácido Bacteria Gram + Aceite del fruto, sirve ...Producirán aceite de la cáscara de la semilla de marañón - Diario El ...
www.elheraldo.hn/...218/produciran-aceite-de-la-cascara-de-la-semilla-de-maranon
7 abr. 2014 - De acuerdo con el entrevistado, del aceite de la cáscara de marañón se extrae el ácido anacárdico, del cual se deriva el cardol, insumo ..http://www.datosfreak.org/datos/slug/piel-castana-de-caju-toxica
La castaña de cajú (o anacardo o marañón, Anacardium occidentale) nunca se vende con piel pues ésta contiene potentes tóxicos (90% ácido anacárdico y 10% cardol). El sólo contacto con la piel produce ampollas, inflamaciones y dermatitis.
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2013/549879/
Anacardic Acids from Cashew Nuts Ameliorate Lung Damage Induced by Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Particles in Mice
Received 15 November 2012; Accepted 21 January 2013
Academic Editor: Y. Ohta
Copyright © 2013 Ana Laura Nicoletti Carvalho et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Abstract
Anacardic acids from cashew nut shell liquid, a Brazilian natural substance, have antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and modulate immune responses and angiogenesis. As inflammatory lung diseases have been correlated to environmental pollutants exposure and no reports addressing the effects of dietary supplementation with anacardic acids on lung inflammation in vivo have been evidenced, we investigated the effects of supplementation with anacardic acids in a model of diesel exhaust particle- (DEP-) induced lung inflammation. BALB/c mice received an intranasal instillation of 50 μg of DEP for 20 days. Ten days prior to DEP instillation, animals were pretreated orally with 50, 150, or 250 mg/kg of anacardic acids or vehicle (100 μL of cashew nut oil) for 30 days. The biomarkers of inflammatory and antioxidant responses in the alveolar parenchyma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and pulmonary vessels were investigated. All doses of anacardic acids ameliorated antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased vascular adhesion molecule in vessels. Animals that received 50 mg/kg of anacardic acids showed decreased levels of neutrophils and tumor necrosis factor in the lungs and BALF, respectively. In summary, we demonstrated that AAs supplementation has a potential protective role on oxidative and inflammatory mechanisms in the lungs.
1. Introduction
Epidemiological studies have clearly associated ambient particulate matter (PM) concentration with a range of adverse effects on respiratory and cardiovascular health as well as increased morbidity and mortality [1–3].
Diesel engine exhaustion contributes considerably to the air particulate composition in urban regions. In São Paulo, for instance, a fleet of 14,900 buses powered by diesel fuel are responsible for the majority of public transportation [4]. In healthy subjects, acute diesel exhaust exposure resulted in neutrophils recruitment, upregulation of the endothelial adhesion molecules P-selectin, and vascular adhesion molecule- (VCAM-1) and interleukin- (IL-8) production in the bronchial mucosa [2, 5, 6]. Subchronic exposure to lower levels of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) (30 µg) derived from the São Paulo public transportation system has been shown to induce inflammatory alterations in the nose and lungs of healthy mice [7].
The mechanisms by which DEP induces adverse biologic effects on the respiratory system may be via the production of oxidative stress by the exposed cells [2, 8, 9]. Riedl and Diaz-Sanchez [10] observed that DEP exposure may cause increased oxidative stress directly through the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and indirectly through the resultant enhanced inflammation, which generates additional ROS. Additionally, DEP activates redox-sensitive transcription factors, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B) and activator protein- (AP-1) [2, 10, 11].
While there clearly need to be efforts worldwide to reduce diesel related air pollution, identifying potential protective substances that reduce the harmful respiratory effects of pollutant-induced oxidative stress has been an important research topic in recent years [2, 10]. Diet is the only source of antioxidant micronutrients [12], and these micronutrients are thought to be important modulators of immune response [2, 13–15]. Antioxidants can upregulate endogenous antioxidant defenses, such as reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase, and glutathione reductase [16, 17].
Due to their wide distribution in fruits and plants, polyphenols are the most abundant antioxidants in the diet. The beneficial health effects of dietary polyphenols have recently come to the attention of nutritionists [18].
Anacardic acids (AAs) are alkyl phenols from the cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn.), a tropical tree native to the northeast region of Brazil. AAs are abundantly present in many parts of the cashew plant and have received attention as a potential antioxidant substance. Cashew apple, cashew nut (raw and roasted), and cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) contain a range of different alkyl phenols, including AAs, cardanols, and cardols. Higher amounts of AAs have been detected in CNSL (353.6 g/kg) followed by cashew fiber (6.1 g/kg), while the lowest (0.65 g/kg) amounts were found in roasted cashew nut [19].
AAs were described as the main active agent in CNSL. The presence of a phytyl side chain beside the phenolic ring structure (as in salicylic acid) results in its great antioxidant capacity [19]. Diverse biological activities for the AAs have been described, including antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant bacteria [20–22], gastroprotection [23], and inhibition of the activity of several clinically targeted enzymes, such as lipoxygenase [24, 25], cyclooxygenase [26, 27], and histone acetyltransferases [28, 29]. It has been also demonstrated that AAs modulate the NF-B signaling pathway and inhibit tumor angiogenesis indicating that these compounds could be a therapeutic option in preventing or treating cancer [30–32].
To date, very few in vivo studies have tested the effects of AAs. Morais et al. [23] suggested that AAs induce gastroprotection primarily through an antioxidant mechanism at 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg. We have previously demonstrated that doses of AAs less than 300 mg/kg do not produce biochemical, hematological, and mutagenic alterations in BALB/c mice [33].
We hypothesized that AAs from CNSL would prevent DEP-induced lung inflammation. Based on this hypothesis, we analyzed the potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of supplementation with AAs in a subacute model of DEP-induced inflammation in mice.
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